It examines the debate between orthodox and revisionist historians over mussolini s foreign policy in general, and also over three specific areas of italian policy in the interwar years. Moderation and prudence were key elements for italy to win back the trust of the european great powers after wwi. Features of mussolini s early foreign policy mussolini s shift towards aggression creation of the romeberlin axis cooperation mussolini s foreign policy from 19221936 was generally of cooperation. Mussolini s foreign policy from when he came into power after the march on rome 1922 until the beginning of world war two in september 1939 was motivated by three main aspects. Signed the locarno pacts of 1925 which affirmed european boundaries as set by the treaty of versailles threatened to. Plot the events on a graph whiteboard indicating whether that event had a positive, neutral, or negative influence on italys diplomatic relationship with team a britain and france. The historiography of fascist foreign policy cambridge core.
The evolution of the fascist foreign policy articulates into two phases. Paywallfree reading of new articles posted daily online and almost a. It did become nearly selfsufficient, but still depended on imports for important, basic needs. A study of the foreign policy of both dictators therefore highlights at least as many contrasts as comparisons. Foreign policy reflected ability as ruler gaining domestic support su, st, i mussolini began to believe his own propaganda myth w, i, f cult of personality. He served as prime minister from 1922 until july 1943, when his extreme unpopularity led king victor emmanuel iii of italy to dismiss and arrest him. Contribute to yeojzarticles development by creating an account on github. He aimed to expand italy influence in the balkans, near east africa. At what point did mussolini seem to side more with germany than with britain or france.
Mr suter and mr raine discuss the core ideas around mussolini s foreign policy as well as the first faltering steps mussolini took to push italy towards being a world power. A singularly repellent defense of mussolini s foreign policy. Mussolini had a great navy and should have positioned it near gibralter to seal the mediterranean. Mussolini wanted to make italy great, respected and feared. Knox, conquest, offers a framework for understanding the intertwining of. In terms of foreign policy, however, there is wide agreement that the early years of fascist foreign policy. Achievements of italy under mussolini aggressive foreign. During the first phase 19221929, mussolini pursued a low profile foreign policy. Francoitalian relations, italian participation in the spanish civil war, and the alliance with nazi germany. The first was his egotistical attitude and unattainable aims for foreign expansion after easy victories in. Mussolini did not have any greater success in his foreign policy. Mussolinis foreign policy from when he came into power after the march on rome 1922 until the beginning of world war two in september 1939 was motivated.
The fascist foreign policy and its legacy in the postwar world. John goochs mussolini and his generals is very good. Italian foreign policy under mussolini, international affairs, volume 33, issue 1, 1 january 1957. Angloitalian rivarly mussolini wanted britain to give him free hand in conquest of ethiopia london wanted italy to reach compromise with ethiopia through diplomacy maffey report a question examined only from british point of view b london had interests in ogaden and harar on grazing and watering rights, while in northwest lake tsana waters were. Mussolini s slogan before the nation was altaly must expand or perish. In particular, mussolini aimed at acquiring territory in africa and in the mediterranean, for which he adopted the ancient roman term mare nostrum our sea. The fascist regime, its foreign policy and its wars. Mussolini was hitlers nightmare with his having to rescue him over and over in the balkans and northern africa. Italy foreign policy britannica encyclopedia britannica.
A minute on the battlefield is worth a lifetime of peace mussolini wanted to restore national pride. Pdf on apr 1, 2002, leopoldo nuti and others published sources for the study of. Mussolini foreign policy 1920s free download as word doc. The foreign policy of a country is in a sense a projection of its internal policies,social, political and economic.
Italian foreign policy under mussolini international affairs oxford. Mussolini had made himself out to be saviour of italy, likened to st francis and jesus, worked 20 hours a day, true man of the people, all wise leader, inquestionable morals etc. The foreign policies of hitler and mussolini history today. Mussolini began to follow the vigorous and forward foreign policy. How successful was mussolinis foreign policy in the years. Mussolini foreign policy 1920s benito mussolini albania scribd. In 1923, he began the pacification of libya and ordered the bombing of corfu in. Mussolinis foreign policy from when he came into power after the march on rome 1922 until the beginning of world war two in september 1939 was motivated by three main aspects. In may 1939 mussolini entered a formal military alliance with hitler, the pact of steel, which further reduced his scope for maneuver. How successful was mussolini s foreign policy in the years to 1939. Terms, people, and places benito mussolini black shirts march on rome totalitarian state fascism.
As things got difficult at home mussolini started embarking on foreign adventures. As time passed, fascist foreign policy became more expansionist. Fascism in italy objectives describe how conditions in italy favored the rise of mussolini. Mussolinis foreign policy, 19331941 flashcards by mercy.
Study mussolinis foreign policy, 19331941 flashcards from mercy haggertys class online, or in brainscapes iphone or android app. A level history lesson on mussolinis foreign policy. How did the idea of a cult of personality lead to the successes of mussolini and hitler during this time period. Mussolinis domestic policies hotnhumidhistory wiki fandom. During the first phase 19221929, mussolini pursued a low profile. Mussolinis domestic policies by juanita santamaria on prezi. He refused to accept that italy did not have the power for excessive foreign expansion and refused to. Mussolini s campaigns during wwii were disastrous and needed support from german forces, who had more success in their campaigns the key date is 1936 as this is when mussolini broke with britain and france, choosing to ally with hitler instead, although the aims of the leaders had different motivations. Students arrive at the lesson having familiarised themselves with key events of mussolini s foreign policy which is checked with a quick sequencing task which is turned into two living graphs to show italys changing relationship with both germany on the one hand and britain and france on the other. In the political and social doctrine the ideology of twentieth century the fascist leader benito mussolini expresses his view about the aims of the fascist government with impressive but indirect way. He was determined to raise the prestige of italy in the eyes of the other powers of the world. Mussolini s foreign policy continued to breed humiliation for italy well into the war. Acquire territory rich in resources this gives mussolini more cash and power.
If you want to know what italy was thinking about for war planning this is the place to go. Mussolini s foreign policy aims for italy were to build national prestige, increase domestic support for the regime, gain dominance over the mediterranean, and spread fascism abroad to establish. Mussolinis foreig n policy included a number of positive and negative factors which all contributed to the rise, and the ultimately to the downfall, of both mussolini and the italian empire. The personal papers of benito mussolini, also sometimes called the handbag files, are a prime example. Major aims of mussolini s foreign policy 19231939 to gain what was promised to italy in the treaty of london 1915 reestablishment of the roman empire. Mussolinis domestic policy and achievements free zimsec. To continue reading this article you will need to purchase access to the online archive. During the years 192239 mussolini committed to many different foreign policies. Signed the locarno pacts of 1925 which affirmed european boundaries as set by the treaty of versailles threatened to protect austria if germany invaded after.
Find file copy path yeojz reorganize a32c3aa feb 20, 20. No leftwing alliances, no communist alliances, no marxist or leninist alliances and no capitalist alliances. He praised glories of war and promised the recreation of the roman empire in the mediterranean. Cut out the list of events and agreements relating to italian foreign policy in the 1920s and 1930s. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Muhammad ayub khan pakistan was born under inauspicious circumstances. It examines the debate between orthodox and revisionist historians over mussolinis foreign policy in general, and also over three specific areas of italian policy in the interwar years. It examines the debate between orthodox and revisionist historians over mussolinis foreign policy in. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. His foreign policy was expansionist and was also used to sort out domestic problems.
Mussolinis foreign policy essay 663 words bartleby. The fascist foreign policy and its legacy in the postwar. Mussolinis domestic policy essay example graduateway. Mussolinis foreign policy mussolini considered foreign policy to be so important that he acted as his own foreign minister. Italian foreign policy under mussolini foreign affairs. Certainly fascist or totalitarian governments, with their strict adherence to the ideal that there is only one way to appropriately to do things, do lend. As mussolini started to formulate his own foreign policy in late 1923 and early 1924 his prime attention was clearly directedvia the adriaticto the. Of more immediate concern during the second stage of early fascist diplomacy were questions related to the mediterranean sea. Which foreign policy actions did mussolini take to strengthen italy. Understand the values and goals of fascist ideology. He has some small errors of detail since he is not a military person but an academic but it is filled with italian war planning from 19211940. Acquire new lands for cultivation grow grain, make bread autarky.
Mussolini saw an aggressive foreign policy as essential in order to transform the country into dynamic, aggressive and united nation. The historiography of fascist foreign policy cambridge university. Soviet foreign policy 19241939 socialism in one country by mr. By holding the position of foreign minister, he introduced his foreign policies. Mussolini placed great stress on autarky, however this action to make italy more selfsufficient was not successful. Features of mussolini s early foreign policy mussolini s shift towards aggression creation of the romeberlin axis cooperation mussolinis foreign policy from 19221936 was generally of cooperation. Mussolini s social policies were aimed to increase his popularity and the population of italy.
Mussolini s ultimate goal to create a new roman empire. Known as il duce, mussolini was the head of the italian national fascist party. Mussolini s foreign policy goals because of the atrocities of hitlers antisemitic reign in eastern europe and his stated goal of world domination, many people assume that world domination is a recurrent theme in fascist foreign policy. Mussolinis social policies were aimed to increase his popularity and the population of italy. The personal files of benito mussolini pieces of history. He used this to further consolidate his power and to take complete control of italys domestic and foreign policies through the 1920s and 30s. Compare and contrast the foreign policies of hitler and.
The first was his egotistical attitude and unattainable aims for foreign expansion after easy victories in 1934 and 1936. Italys involvement in world war two was a series of failures and defeats which caused not only hitlers contempt for him to increase but it also bred animosity among his own people. Mussolini s foreign and domestic policies sample answer a state built entirely on fear and dubiety as opposed to the people having any real respect or loyalty to their fascist government. Mussolini was intent on revising the conditions of the treaty of versailles and was very keen to show off italys power. The corporate revolution would provide corporation for each industry that would manage relations between employers and employees create greater cooperation to maximize production for the good of the nation.
Rakochy ibdp history slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. After 1936 he gave it to his son in law count ciano. How to compare the foreign policy of hitler and mussolini. Even in 1923, in his first year in office, he briefly invaded the greek island of corfu to avenge the murder of four italian nationals. Pdf sources for the study of italian foreign policy, 18611999. Mussolinis foreign policy overview in this lesson, you will examine. Mussolinis foreign policy aimed to expand the sphere of influence of italian fascism. How successful was mussolinis foreign policy from 1922. In the words of richard lamb, british policy threw mussolini into hitlers arms.
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